For all functionals considered, convergence in the optimized structures and Cu(I)/(II)···S/N bond lengths is only obtained using the 6-311+G(2df,p) basis set or larger, with the nonhybrid DFT method BP86 appearing, in general, to provide the most reliable structures. The reduction potentials associated with the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) when complexed with either OSH and ESH were also determined. The implications for their ability to thus help protect against Cu-mediated oxidative damage are discussed. Importantly, the binding of OSH and ESH with Cu ions disfavors Cu(I)/Cu(II) recycling by increasing the reduction potential for the Cu(II) to Cu(I) reduction and as a result, inhibits the potential oxidative One-electron oxidation of ergothioneine and analogues investigated by pulse radiolysis: redox reaction involving ergothioneine and vitamin C.Redox reactions of endogenous and exogenous sulphur-containing compounds are involved in protection against oxidative damage arising from the incidence and/or treatment of many diseases, including cancer. API have investigated, via pulse radiolysis, the one-electron oxidation of ergothioneine, a molecule with antioxidant properties which is detected at millimolar concentrations in certain tissues and fluids subject to oxidative stress, including erythrocytes and plasma. The spectrum of the transient species, assigned to the product of one-electron oxidation, observed after reaction of ergothioneine with the oxidizing radicals OH., N3. and CCl3O2. has a maximum absorption at 520 nm and is very similar to that obtained by oxidation of analogous molecules such as 2-mercaptoimidazole, 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole, S-methyl- and S,N-dimethyl-ergothioneine. In collagen powder of vitamin C, the oxidized form of producing ascorbyl radicals. This co-operative interaction between ergothionine and ascorbate, similar to that previously observed between vitamin E and ascorbate, may contribute to essential biological redox protection.Stable isotope ratios of carbon and hydrogen to distinguish olive oil from shark Squalene and its hydrogenated derivate squalane are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. The two compounds are mainly produced from the liver oil of deep sea sharks and from olive oil distillates. Squalene and squalane from shark cost less than the same compounds derived from olive oil, and the use of these shark-derived compounds is unethical in cosmetic ratios can distinguish olive oil from shark squalene/squalane and can detect the using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) were significantly lower in authentic olive oil squalene/squalane (N: 13; -28 +/- 0 per thousand; -28 +/- 0 per thousand) than in shark squalene/squalane samples (N: 15; -20 +/- values of -27 per thousand and -26 per thousand for olive oil bulk and pure squalene/squalane, respectively, illegal addition of shark products can be suitable tool for detecting the authenticity of commercial olive oil squalene and squalane samples, using IRMS interfaced to an elemental analyser if the purity is higher than 80% and IRMS interfaced to a gas chromatography/combustion system for samples with lower purity, including solutions of squalane extracted The presence of ergothioneine in the central nervous system and its probable 1. Ergothioneine has been detected and quantitatively estimated in the brains of mice, rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, cats and sheep. It is present in the cerebellum in amounts ranging from about 3 mug/g in the cat to 10 mug/g in the guinea-pig. Amounts in the cerebral hemispheres are much smaller, ranging from < 0 mug/g in the cat to 1 mug/g in the guinea-pig. Large amounts of ergothioneine (about 30 mug/g) were found in the optic nerves of the rabbit. None was detected in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord of the same species. Ergothioneine has an excitatory action on the electrical activity of the cerebellum of the decerebrate rabbit and the excitatory actions of cerebellar extracts on this preparation are completely accounted for by their contained ergothioneine. It is concluded that the cerebellar factor of Crossland & Mitchell (1956) is identical with ergothioneine.The inhibitory effects of squalene-derived triterpenes on protein phosphatase Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain.This paper reports testing 15 polyether triterpenes with a squalene carbon skeleton for inhibitory effects on type 2A protein phosphatase. Two compounds, 16-hydroxydehydrothyrsiferol 10 and thyrsenol B 14, exhibited significant inhibitory action at a concentration of 10 microM.
API|collagen powder
